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Early Caille Slot Machines History

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Most experts classify vintage slot machines as any machine dating pre-1950s; however some say that anything before the 1970s is considered vintage. What typifies the pre-1950s slots is the fact that they have no lighted or plastic fronts. Most of them are made of metal and wood, using no electronics whatsoever.


Poker machines existed as early as 1890 and were extremely popular in saloons and cigar stores. In deference to the law of the times, most of these machines dispensed tokens for candy, gum and cigars instead of cash winnings. These poker machines enjoyed immense popularity until the First World War.


Most of the machines of the time and in the years following the turn of the century were made by a handful of companies. Machines made by Mills Novelty, the Caille Brothers, Watling Manufacturing of Chicago and Jennings were the first available, and are considered the basis of present day slot machines.

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In 1897, Charles Fey, a German-born immigrant to the USA, produced the 'Liberty Bell' which was a three-reel, automatic cash payout slot machine. Fey substituted the typical playing cards that were used in poker machines, with symbols that included suit symbols, horseshoes and… liberty bells. The 'Liberty Bell' was the first slot machine to accept nickels and trade checks. Fey went on to produce three of the most popular slot machines in US history – the three-reel slot, draw poker and the dollar slot. Other companies soon jumped onto the bandwagon and started producing novelty slot machines at a remarkable pace, breaking Fey's monopoly on the three-reel bell slot.


Finding loose slot machines.

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Between 1900 and 1909, slot machines were all the rage. However, this all came to a grinding halt when gaming machines were outlawed in San Francisco. Two years later, Nevada joined in the ban and by 1911, there existed a ban on slot machines throughout the entire state of California. Not to be deterred by the law, many companies simply changed their vending machines to dispense gum instead of nickels and placed them in regular gambling retreats.

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From 1919, the year of Prohibition, slot machines soared in popularity yet again. These were the Roaring Twenties – years of decadence, wealth and a couldn't-care-less attitude. Because of the prosperity of the times, nickel slots soon became dime and quarters slots, even moving up to half dollars. This Golden Age of gambling continued even after Prohibition ended in 1933, and even the Great Depression did not severely impact the industry.


Many companies turned to originality during the Depression years to try and keep their businesses going. Some of the most entertaining slot machines were developed during this time period, including the 'Midget Derby' – a cash payout horse race slot machine and the 'Scale and Strength Testers' (produced by Fey's). Another first by Fey's was the 'Silver Dollar' slot, which was the first machine to accept dollar coins.Type your paragraph here.



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A Brief History

On January 17, 2010, Stephanie Peatling, writing for The Sydney Morning Herald, reported that there 'is now one poker machine for every 110 people in Australia, putting the nation in the top 10 of international gambling meccas, alongside Monaco and Macau.' Anyone alive and using the internet today can attest to the fact that slot machines are advertised practically everywhere. Hugely popular across the web, they are played by people of all demographics and seem to enjoy a mass appeal. Given that we are so familiar with seeing them online, however, it can be easy to forget that they are far from some new-fangled invention. First brought into being in 1895, they actually have a long and storied history behind them. Let us take a look at it in a little more detail.

Digging Deeper

Beginnings

1899 'Liberty Bell' machine, manufactured by Charles Fey. Photograph by Nazox.

In our modern world, there are numerous websites out there with the most up to date tips and bonuses. Sharing everything from which casinos are the most mobile-friendly to where you can find the best offers and promotions, they make it very easy to forget how old slot machines actually are.

Early Caille Slot Machines History Today

In fact, slots did not have their beginnings on the internet, but rather at the close of the 19th century, when a Californian named Charles Fey invented the first machine. Linking up with the Mills Novelty Company in 1905, Fey went on to further develop his idea, the resultant invention being the famous 'Liberty Bell'.

The Liberty Bell was a unique and innovative creation: a machine that featured three separate spinning reels. Incredibly heavy to transport, due to its cast iron composition, it nonetheless spread throughout America, with its popularity rapidly snowballing.

Soon found in bars and cigar shops across the USA, this amazing invention offered players the chance to win an array of prizes, typically sweets or cigarettes – money was not on the cards at all!

The anti-gambling movement

Plaque marking the location of Charles Fey's San Francisco workshop, where he invented the three-reel slot machine. The location is a California Historical Landmark. Photograph by tberning.

Caille Slot Machine Parts

Despite its early popularity, the slot machine industry soon encountered a problem: the anti-gambling movement. Rearing its head as the 19thcentury progressed into the 20th, this made for a difficult period for manufacturers, and many fell upon hard times.

It began in San Francisco, with slot machines banned throughout the city. This statute then extended throughout the state of Nevada, and then the entirety of California, marking many dark days for those who relied on the sector for their livelihood.

By the 1930s, this anti-gambling rhetoric had been taken up by politicians too, and was widely used to help secure the popular vote. So fierce did anti-gambling sentiment become that many slots machines were actually thrown into the sea in a dramatic protest against them.

Early Caille Slot Machines History Free

Changing times

Las Vegas slot machines. Photograph by User:Yamaguchi先生.

Thankfully for the slot machine industry, this anti-gambling ethos did not endure forever. With the passing of the Second World War, the focus increasingly turned to having fun and by the mid-1940s onwards, slots were once more beloved.

This led to an evergrowing slew of developments, which was facilitated and exacerbated by rapidly progressing technology. Indeed, by the 1960s, electrical advances had transformed old-fashioned fruit machines into the mechanical marvels whose echoes can still be seen today.

From there, the story is one we all know: slot machines continued to be popular, the internet brought them to an ever-widening audience, and now there are more bright and shiny options out there for gamblers than ever before. From the ashes of adversity, the phoenix undoubtedly rose – and soars higher and higher with every passing day, to Australia and beyond!

Question for students (and subscribers): How has gambling influenced modern history? Please let us know in the comments section below this article.

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Historical Evidence

For more information, please see…

Caille Brothers Slot Machines

Fey, Marshall. Slot Machines: A Pictorial History of the First 100 Years. Liberty Bell Books, 1997.

Mead, David N. Reel History, a Photographic History of Slot Machines. Mead Publishing Co., 2005.

The featured image in this article, a photograph by Rodw of slot machines at Wookey Hole Caves, a show cave and tourist attraction in the village of Wookey Hole on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset, England, has been released by the copyright holder of this work into the public domain worldwide.





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